Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
Publication_Date: 20130331
Title:
Geological and Geophysical data of field activity F-13-89-HW
in Hawaii from 11/28/1989 to 12/21/1989
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
Online_Linkage: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/gos/f-13-89-hw.fmeta.xml
Online_Linkage: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f1389hw/html/f-13-89-hw.meta.html
Description:
Abstract:
Chief Scientists: Dave Drake, Ledabeth Pickthorn.
Geological and Geophysical data (3dot5khz, 10khz, gravity,
magnetics, tempsalinometer, GPS, integratednavigation,
LoranC, RhoRho, Gloriasidescan, airgun, 2channelairgun,
expendablebatthermograph) of field activity F-13-89-HW in
Hawaii from 11/28/1989 to 12/21/1989,
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f1389hw/html/f-13-89-hw.meta.html.
Purpose:
These data and information are intended for science
researchers, students from elementary through
college, policy makers, and general public.
Supplemental_Information:
Equipment Used -
3dot5khz 3.5 khz bathymetry
10khz 10 khz bathymetry
gravity
magnetics magnetometer
tempsalinometer temperature/salinity/conductance gauges
GPS GPS satellite
integratednavigation
LoranC Loran-C
RhoRho Loran-C Rho-Rho
Gloriasidescan
airgun single-channel airgun
2channelairgun two-channel airgun
expendablebatthermograph
Notes -
Associated cruises:
F-5-86-HW
F-6-86-HW
F-3-88-HW
F-4-88-HW
F-5-88-HW
F-6-88-HW
F-10-88-HW
F-12-89-HW
F-13-89-HW
F-1-90-HW
F-2-90-HW
F-6-91-CP
F-10-91-HW
Publications -
Paskevich, Valerie F.; Wong, Florence L.; O'Malley, John J.; Stevenson, Andrew
J.; Gutmacher, Christina E., 2010, GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of
the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas, URL:
http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/#search:basic/query=OFR%202010-1332/page=1/page_size=100:0
Kayen, R.E., Torresan, M.E., Dadisman, S.V., Clague, D.A., Drake, D.E., Gutmacher,
C.E., Hampton, M.A., Marlow, M.S., Moore, J.G., Normark, W.R., Pickthorn, L.G., Shor, S.,
Denlinger, Roger P., Holcomb, Robin T., Holmes, Mark L., Lipman, P.W., Belderson, R.H.,
Jacobs, C., Searle, Roger C., Wilson, J.B., and Rothwell, R.G., 1990, GLORIA side-scan
sonar imagery of the Hawaiian Islands exclusive economic zone: American Geophysical
Union Eos, Transactions, v. 71, no. 43, p. 1580.
Binard, N., Moore, J.G., Normark, W.R., and Holcomb, R.T., 1993, Comparison of features
identified by swath-sonar mapping (GLORIA) and their 3.5 kHz echo-sounding features on
the Hawaiian Ridge: American Geophysical Union Eos, Transactions, v. 74, no. 43, Supplement,
p. 342.
Similar information is available for thousands
of other USGS/CMG-related Activities.
If known, available are Activity-specific
navigation, gravity, magnetics, bathymetry,
seismic, and sampling data; track maps; and
equipment information; as well as summary
overviews, crew lists, and information
about analog materials.
If available, access to physical samples is
described in the "WR CMG Sample Distribution
Policy" at:
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/main/sample-dist-policy.html
Primary access to the USGS/CMG Information
Bank's digital data, analog data, and
metadata is provided through...
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/
This page accomodates a variety of search
approaches (e.g., by platform, by region,
by scientist, by equipment type, etc.).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19891128
Ending_Date: 19891221
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: 178.79880
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.75040
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 26.11600
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.22690
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificinformation
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CMG InfoBank
Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology
Theme_Keyword: Marine Geophysics
Theme_Keyword: Marine Gravity Field
Theme_Keyword: Marine Magnetic Field
Theme_Keyword: Magnetic Anomalies
Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: Water Depth
Theme_Keyword: Seafloor Topography
Theme_Keyword: Marine Seismic
Theme_Keyword: Marine Metering
Theme_Keyword: Temperature / Salinity / Conductance Gauges
Theme_Keyword: Experimental Bathymetry Thermograph
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS CMG InfoBank
Place_Keyword: Central Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: HW
Place_Keyword: Hawaii
Place_Keyword: Hawaii EEZ
Place_Keyword: Hawaii I EEZ
Place_Keyword: North Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: Northern Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: USA
Access_Constraints:
Physical materials are under controlled on-site access.
If available, access to physical samples is described
in the "WR CMG Sample Distribution Policy" at:
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/main/sample-dist-policy.html
Use_Constraints:
Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as
the source of this information.
Physical materials are under controlled on-site access.
Some USGS information accessed through this means
may be preliminary in nature and presented without
the approval of the Director of the USGS. This
information is provided with the understanding
that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete
and conclusions drawn from such information are
the responsibility of the user.
This information is not intended for navigational
purposes.
Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Contact_Person: Clint Steele
Contact_Position: InfoBank Group Leader
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Dave Drake (Chief Scientist, USGS Western Region);
Ledabeth Pickthorn (Chief Scientist, USGS Western Region)
Native_Data_Set_Environment: Digital, ASCII
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: USGS/CMG Information Bank
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
Online_Linkage: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/
Other_Citation_Details:
Paskevich, Valerie F.; Wong, Florence L.; O'Malley, John J.; Stevenson, Andrew
J.; Gutmacher, Christina E., 2010, GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of
the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas, URL:
http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/#search:basic/query=OFR%202010-1332/page=1/page_size=100:0
Kayen, R.E., Torresan, M.E., Dadisman, S.V., Clague, D.A., Drake, D.E., Gutmacher,
C.E., Hampton, M.A., Marlow, M.S., Moore, J.G., Normark, W.R., Pickthorn, L.G., Shor, S.,
Denlinger, Roger P., Holcomb, Robin T., Holmes, Mark L., Lipman, P.W., Belderson, R.H.,
Jacobs, C., Searle, Roger C., Wilson, J.B., and Rothwell, R.G., 1990, GLORIA side-scan
sonar imagery of the Hawaiian Islands exclusive economic zone: American Geophysical
Union Eos, Transactions, v. 71, no. 43, p. 1580.
Binard, N., Moore, J.G., Normark, W.R., and Holcomb, R.T., 1993, Comparison of features
identified by swath-sonar mapping (GLORIA) and their 3.5 kHz echo-sounding features on
the Hawaiian Ridge: American Geophysical Union Eos, Transactions, v. 74, no. 43, Supplement,
p. 342.
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Identified as best available version.
Logical_Consistency_Report: Unspecified
Completeness_Report:
Start and end date/times of data
>Navigation Data (f-13-89-hw.081)
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>198911290330000 198912020304000
>198912020322000 198912070010000
>198912070020000 198912090826000
>198912090834000 198912091344000
>198912091352000 198912140118000
>198912140124000 198912192200000
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>Gravity Data (f-13-89-hw.150_081)
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>198911301000000 198912010143400
>198912010218000 198912010600400
>198912010613000 198912010617200
>198912010627000 198912011905400
>198912011918000 198912012053400
>198912012103000 198912021525200
>198912021532200 198912041226000
>198912041242000 198912041644400
>198912041700000 198912042032400
>198912042038000 198912052149400
>198912052155000 198912060145400
>198912060209000 198912070601400
>198912070612000 198912071629400
>198912071638000 198912081027400
>198912081033000 198912081859400
>198912081924000 198912092333400
>198912092339000 198912100443400
>198912100516000 198912122309400
>198912122319000 198912130113400
>198912130122000 198912151317400
>198912151323000 198912151958400
>198912152012000 198912152208400
>198912152218000 198912181759400
>198912181815000 198912181938400
>198912181951000 198912190633400
>198912190802000 198912192109400
>198912192120000 198912192153400
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>Magnetics Data (f-13-89-hw.221_081)
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>198911300839400 198912021530200
>198912021537200 198912041231000
>198912041247000 198912151322400
>198912151328000 198912172200400
>198912172228000 198912190635200
>198912190742400 198912192200000
>Magnetics Data (f-13-89-hw.260_081)
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>198911300840000 198912021530200
>198912021537200 198912041231000
>198912041247000 198912151322400
>198912151328000 198912172105000
>198912172138200 198912172200400
>198912172228200 198912190635200
>198912190742400 198912192200000
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>Bathymetry Data (f-13-89-hw.320_081)
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
>198911290332000 198912020304000
>198912020322000 198912192148000
>YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Unspecified
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Unspecified
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Navigation Data
>Converted to time format with year at start.
>
>02/28/90 EDM DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.N.WORK]F1389HW.080;1
>DUA0:[DRS.PLT.NAVED]NAVED.EXE;13
>Farnella ABC data
>Checking a few points
>
Process_Date: 20001030
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Contact_Person: Clint Steele
Contact_Position: InfoBank Group Leader
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Gravity Data
>10/31/1998 /lion/f/f1389hw/grav/f-13-89-hw.150_081
>/bear/programs/edit/automerge/automerge
>
>Input was...
>Converted to time format with year at start.
>
>03/09/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F1389HW.150;1
>DUA0:[DRS.GRV]GRAVRED.EXE;4
>SKIPNSAVED Free Air Anomaly data
>
>02/06/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F1389HW.140;1
>DUA0:[DRS.REFMT]REFORMAT.EXE;
>Land tie data
>S-53 gravity land ties calculated by Kaye Kinoshita
>332/0820 - 968769.56
>355/1847 - 968770.69
>
>03/05/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F1389HW.102;1
>DUA0:[DRS.EDIT]SKIPNSAVE.EXE;1
>Raw gravity data from digital meter
>
>03/02/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F1389HW.130;1
>DUA0:[DRS.REFMT]REFORMAT.EXE;
>Gravity SKIPNSAVE control data
>from F1389HW.COD
>
>01/10/90 HARRY DUA1:[HARRY]F1389HW.101;
>DUA1:[DRS.GRV]VALIDGRAV.EXE;
>
>03/09/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F13FILT.070;1
>DUA0:[DRS.FILT]FILTER.EXE;1
>Eotvos/course/speed/distance data
>
>03/09/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F1320SEC.070;1
>DUA0:[DRS.NAV]EOTCSSP.EXE;1
>Eotvos/course/speed/distance data
>
>03/09/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F1320SEC.081;1
>DUA0:[DRS.EDIT]MERGEIT.EXE;3
>Farnella ABC data
>
>03/09/90 CAROLYN DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.G]F13TIMES.081;1
>DUA0:[DRS.DSMPL]METAMUCIL.EXE;
>Farnella ABC data
>
>02/28/90 EDM DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.N.WORK]F1389HW.080;1
>DUA0:[DRS.PLT.NAVED]NAVED.EXE;13
>Farnella ABC data
>Checking a few points
>
>02/28/90 EDM DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.N.WORK]F1389HW.080;1
>DUA0:[DRS.PLT.NAVED]NAVED.EXE;13
>Farnella ABC data
>Checking a few points
>
>Input was...
>Converted to time format with year at start.
>
>02/28/90 EDM DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.N.WORK]F1389HW.080;1
>DUA0:[DRS.PLT.NAVED]NAVED.EXE;13
>Farnella ABC data
>Checking a few points
>
>time, lat, long, time(sec) to nearest nav fix, data values
Process_Date: 20001102
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Contact_Person: Clint Steele
Contact_Position: InfoBank Group Leader
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Magnetics Data
>07/19/2012 carolyn f-13-89-hw.221_081
>
>Reprocessed using subroutines from Susan Macmillan's
>IGRF SYNTHESIS PROGRAM
>with IGRF-11 coeffiecients integrated into the source code.
>/infobank/programs/mag/magred11/magred11.for
>Using geodetic coordinate system (Earth shape approximated by spheriod)
>with altitude 0.0 km (for sea level).
>
>Input was...
>07/19/2012 carolyn f-13-89-hw.201_081
>/infobank/programs/edit/automerge/automerge
>
>Converted to time format with year at start.
>
>01/12/90 HARRY DUA1:[HARRY]F1389HW.201;
>DUA1:[HARRY]ZEROMAG.EXE;
>
>Converted to time format with year at start.
>
>02/28/90 EDM DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.N.WORK]F1389HW.080;1
>DUA0:[DRS.PLT.NAVED]NAVED.EXE;13
>Farnella ABC data
>Checking a few points
>
>time, lat, long, time(sec) to nearest nav fix, data values
Process_Date: 20120719
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Contact_Person: Clint Steele
Contact_Position: InfoBank Group Leader
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Bathymetry Data
>10/31/1998 /lion/f/f1389hw/bath/f-13-89-hw.320_081
>/bear/programs/edit/automerge/automerge
>
>Input was...
>Converted to time format with year at start.
>
>02/06/90 EDM USR$DISK:[EDM]F1389AA.320;
>DRA1:[DRS.EDIT]REFARN.EXE;
>
>Input was...
>Converted to time format with year at start.
>
>02/28/90 EDM DRS$DATA:[F1389HW.N.WORK]F1389HW.080;1
>DUA0:[DRS.PLT.NAVED]NAVED.EXE;13
>Farnella ABC data
>Checking a few points
>
>time, lat, long, time(sec) to nearest nav fix, data values
Process_Date: 20001102
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Contact_Person: Clint Steele
Contact_Position: InfoBank Group Leader
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Hawaii
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Depth_System_Definition:
Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
Depth_Resolution: 0.1
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Bathymetry with Time Stamp
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Gravity with Time Stamp
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Magnetics with Time Stamp
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Navigation with Time Stamp
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Contact_Person: Clint Steele
Contact_Position: InfoBank Group Leader
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data F-13-89-HW data set
Distribution_Liability:
Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as
the source of this information.
Physical materials are under controlled on-site access.
Some USGS information accessed through this means
may be preliminary in nature and presented without
the approval of the Director of the USGS. This
information is provided with the understanding
that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete
and conclusions drawn from such information are
the responsibility of the user.
This information is not intended for navigational
purposes.
Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply
endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied
Transfer_Size: 0.5
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f1389hw/html/f-13-89-hw.nav.html
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied
Transfer_Size: 7.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f1389hw/html/f-13-89-hw.grav.html
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied
Transfer_Size: 5.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f1389hw/html/f-13-89-hw.mag.html
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied
Transfer_Size: 1.1
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f1389hw/html/f-13-89-hw.bath.html
Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20130331
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) , Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG)
Contact_Person: Clint Steele
Contact_Position: InfoBank Group Leader
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS, MailStop 999, 345 Middlefield Road
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: universal time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: none
Metadata_Use_Constraints: none
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