Our transcription: Clay, on the other hand, is a material that tends to exclude the flow of groundwater.
It is an "aquiclude," the opposite of an aquifer.
As clay absorbs liquid, its individual grains swell up while becoming saturated and close the channels between adjoining pores thus blocking the passage of groundwater.
While groundwater has the effect of making clay layers swell, it can eat away other rock types.
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