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Our transcription: Another factor that plays an indirect role in the formation of deserts is plate tectonics. The position of the continents whether they be in the polar regions, or the equatorial regions, or the subtropical regions, of course, is a function of plate tectonics. As an example, Africa 250 million years ago in Permian times was much farther south toward near the South Pole. So what we call the Kalihari Desert now was glaciated at that time. And that wasn't very long ago; that was only about five percent of geologic time.
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